<< /Type /Page /Parent 3 0 R /Resources 6 0 R /Contents 4 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] The US Space Force (USSF) plans 3034 launches during these five fiscal years. In addition to manufacturing the launch vehicles, ULA also maintains space launch complexes at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, Fla, and Vandenberg SpaceForce Base, Calif. 0
<> xwTS7" %z ;HQIP&vDF)VdTG"cEb PQDEk 5Yg} PtX4X\XffGD=H.d,P&s"7C$ [12] Boeing was awarded a contract for 19 out of the 28 launches; Lockheed Martin was awarded a contract for the other 9. - The EELV program is a funded U.S. Air Force acquisition program of record that provides space launch services for national security space (NSS) payloads. [16] Each company has a 50% stake in ULA. In paying ULA for such fixed launch costs and executing the EELV program under a cost-plus contract, the DoD has reimbursed ULA for allowable, reasonable, and allocable costs for its launches, while requiring ULA to reimburse it on a per-launch basis for launches that ULA sells to its non-DoD customers. 0000015754 00000 n
1. The contractor was standardizing payload interfaces, launch pads, and infrastructure so that all configurations of each contractor's EELV family can be launched from the same pad and payloads can be interchanged between vehicles in the same class (i.e., medium, intermediate, or heavy). [38] This launcher features a reusable first stage and fairings, which lowers the cost per mission. 0000001979 00000 n
[36] As of 10November2022[update], 19 launches remain. The Atlas V family uses a Russian RD-180 to power the first stage Common Core Booster. This website is best viewed in browsers such as: Edge, Firefox, Chrome, or Safari. The ESPAStar platform leverages the available mass margin from any EELV launch to provide an affordable path to space for payloads. 0000135929 00000 n
In early 2016 the incumbent contractor, United Launch Alliance (ULA), decided not to compete for the first competitive launch opportunity under Phase 1A of EELV, which provides for the launch of a GPS III satellite. Reducing the cost of launches and ensuring national access to space were the two main goals of the USAF space launch/EELV program. 0000087266 00000 n
[28], The USAF began the process of competitively selecting the next generation NSSL vehicles in 2018. As of 2019, these launch vehicles were the primary methods for launching U.S. military satellites, along with the Falcon 9 developed by SpaceX. 0000003146 00000 n
National Security Space Launch (NSSL) formerly Evolved Expendable Launch Vehicle (EELV) from 1994 to 2019 is a program of the United States Space Force (USSF) intended to assure access to space for United States Department of Defense and other United States government payloads. ULA has a big factory down in Decatur, Alabama. The Atlas V provides medium and intermediate lift capability and is evolved from flight-proven Atlas and Titan programs, maximizing flexibility and reliability. ' Zk! $l$T4QOt"y\b)AI&NI$R$)TIj"]&=&!:dGrY@^O$ _%?P(&OJEBN9J@y@yCR
nXZOD}J}/G3k{%Ow_.'_!JQ@SVF=IEbbbb5Q%O@%!ByM:e0G7 e%e[(R0`3R46i^)*n*|"fLUomO0j&jajj.w_4zj=U45n4hZZZ^0Tf%9->=cXgN]. EELV SIS Evolved Expendable Launch Vehicle Standard Interface Specification . Northrop Grummans ESPAStar platform provides a modular, cost-effective and highly capable infrastructure resource for hosting technology development and operational payloads. Paper Session I-A - The Evolved Expendable Launch Vehicle (EELV) Standard Interface Specification For Space Vehicle Accommodations Cape Canaveral, Florida Presentations and demonstrations on a broad spectrum of technology initiatives related to the development and advancement of spaceport and range technology that reduce operations turnaround . 0000005030 00000 n
The Delta IV family is capable of carrying 10,818 kg (23,851 lbs) to geosynchronous transfer orbit, and can lift 21,772 kg (48,000 lbs) to low-Earth orbit. For almost 10 years, the EELV program had only one company capable of providing launches. Up to five Aerojet Rocketdyne Graphite-Epoxy Motor solid rocket boosters can be added to increase vehicle performance, and two diameters of payload fairing are available. stream The 4m diameter DCSS was retired with the Delta IV Medium after the 22 August 2019 launch of a GPS-III satellite on a Delta IV M+(4,2) two SRBs, and a 4m diameter DCSS and payload fairing. Announced performance requirements include:[29][30]. Senator Richard Shelby is from Alabama. "=pdsy8&$vHl"nt{ N kMw3ZN=z[aJ a-O z%Ay3CFKV'#3Y5QC(P7oG'Nc7z_`A&Bu0Y@#gn:y"f-Q M;]jDA\Iz$zY_af1 6
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This document was developed by the NASA Science Mission Directorate (SMD). However, the Committee was concerned that the Department was focusing too narrowly on its national security requirements and not adequately reflecting the needs of the US commercial space launch industry. Boeing developed the Delta IV based around Common Booster Cores and the Delta Cryogenic Second Stage, while Lockheed Martin developed the Atlas V based around Common Core Boosters and the Centaur upper stage. [5][6], The NSSL program launches the nation's most valuable military satellites; contracts to launch lower value payloads, such as those of the Space Test Program, are awarded using different methodologies.[7]. 15 0 obj QUk{vv7m-C4W>!z~>X#Nz---1GjN. Table 2 - Quasi-Static Load Factors - "Paper Session II-C - The Evolved Expendable Launch Vehicle (EELV) Standard Interface Specification For Space Vehicle Accommodations" Skip to search form Skip to main content Skip to account menu. 0000000016 00000 n
RFP F04701-97-R-0008 19 June 1998 ii . mimics the EELV 157.5 cm (62.01 in) Standard Interface Plane. ]p2c*lR-fHqmh"? WQ(_l+OKP($p Aa-7!@2y #%)#(F'00B[;y7/0F"4N( $&`,8aK/>z0?{3
The platform is optimized for GEO missions, but is adaptable for LEO and MEO missions. Attachment 6 Evaluation Criteria. In October 2018, the USAF awarded development funding to ULA, NGIS, and Blue Origin to further the design of their rockets before a subsequent competition for award to build the launch vehicles. 0000058694 00000 n
EELV was important not only to reducing the launch costs of the Department of Defense, but also to the continued world-wide competitiveness of the US commercial launch industry. 0000010105 00000 n
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[14] The USAF moved 7 launches from Delta IV to Atlas V.[15] To end litigation and competition for a limited market, both companies agreed to form the United Launch Alliance (ULA) joint venture. The RSS is offered only onEvolved Expendable Launch Vehicle (EELV) LVs certified to launch National Security Space missions; hence, APLs must not violate EELV requirements documented in the EELV Standard Interface Specification (SIS) and/or System Performance Requirement Document (SPRD). endstream 0000003719 00000 n
stream 1. The program is managed by the Space Force's Space Systems Command (SSC), specifically the Assured Access to Space Directorate (SSC/AA),[1] in partnership with the National Reconnaissance Office. 0000000956 00000 n
Evolved Expendable Launch Vehicle (EELV) Phase 1A Competitive Acquisition . Compliance with Standard Interface Specification (SIS) - Defines the standard interface between the payload and the launch system. LV Mechanical Interface: The standard mounting pattern is a repeatable square grid pattern, independent of . We encourage you to use one of these browsers for the best experience. 2612 NASA Mission Specific ESPA SIS 4 LSP-REQ-317.01B Launch Services Program Program Level Dispenser and CubeSat On September 29, 2015, the Air Force awarded an EELV Launch Capability (ELC) contract to ULA valued at $882 millionthe latest such contract the Air Force has awarded to ULA since ULA became the only source for launches under the EELV program. %PDF-1.6
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[8] Some of the reasons why assured access to space is a priority for the United States are stated in National Presidential Directive Number 40, which reads: Access to space through U.S. space transportation capabilities is essential to: The United States, therefore, must maintain robust, responsive, and resilient U.S. space transportation capabilities to assure access to space.
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z>q5.~iQXwID:!c RFP F04701-97-R-0008 19 June 1998 ii This page intentionally left blank. The payload interface at each port has been standardized, allowing for hosted and separable payload inter-changeability, late payload integration, The RSS is offered only onEvolved Expendable Launch Vehicle (EELV) LVs certified to launch National Security Space missions; hence, APLs must not violate EELV requirements documented in the EELV Standard Interface Specification (SIS) and/or System Performance Requirement Document (SPRD). [41] He clarified: "I certified them to compete last year" and "[o]ne of the requirements behind certification is to fly three missions." [49] In the event, no phase 2 funding from the US government was forthcoming after August 2020 when ULA Vulcan and SpaceX were selected by the Air Force. Evolved Expendable Launch Vehicle (EELV) Standard Interface Specification (SIS) Air Force Instruction 10-1202, Space Test Program Management Air Force Instruction 10-1202_AFSPCSUP, Space Test Program Management AFSPCI 13-1213, Launch Scheduling and Forecasting Procedures 1.5.2 Department of Defense Documents wc/CR6@Vf|N`ObN#C8\'08#9MVk-v^.O@G}&(U! AGR-aH2\p|)+h 678 0 obj
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The second stage is powered by the RL-10B engine. Making space accessible. x[n$
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%PDF-1.3 The ESPAStar platforms six payload ports are capable of accommodating any combination of up to six hosted and 12 separable (fly-away) payloads (maximum one hosted or two separables per port). 7 0 obj The EELV competition was expected to produce the next generation of launch vehicles to replace all medium to heavy launchers, Lockheed Martin's Atlas, Titan II and Titan IV series, and McDonnell Douglas's Delta series, with a single family of vehicles capable of launching medium and heavy payloads into orbit at a significantly lower cost. Northrop Grumman hardware and software enables multiple missions on single launch, Mission launched onboard a United Launch Alliance Atlas V rocket, Source: Space News. It uses 457,295 lbs (207,425 kg) of liquid oxygen and 169,008 lbs (76,660 kg) RP-1 rocket fuel propellants. The EELV program was initiated in 1994 and planned to be a "rolling-downselect" of launch vehicle providers from four to one. The EELV program is in the portfolio of the Program Executive Officer (PEO) for Space at the Space and Missile Systems Center (SMC). hs2z\nLA"Sdr%,lt 0000101481 00000 n
4 0 obj Although additional new entrants may be able to compete in the future, it is unlikely that others will be ready to compete before Phase 2. i`zN$KgyHDis+hj^@BV/C4v3bKAj. K0iABZyCAP8C@&*CP=#t] 4}a
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&x*sb|! [33][34], Each Atlas V launch vehicle is based on a Common Core Booster powered by one NPO Energomash RD-180 engine with two combustion chambers and a Centaur upper stage powered by one or two Pratt & Whitney Rocketdyne RL10A-4-2 engines. As the Air Force's spacelift modernization program, EELV was designed to increase reliability and reduce launch costs by at least 25 percent over heritage Atlas, Delta and Titan space launch systems. Launch performance can be augmented by adding either two or four solid rocket motors. 0000000016 00000 n
The EELV system included launch vehicles, infrastructure, support systems, and interfaces.
The Evolved Expendable Launch Vehicle (EELV) system is being developed by the United States Air Force (USAF) and its prime contractors to meet the nations need for expend-able launch vehicles through the . The EELV system includes all equipment, facilities, and launch base infrastructure necessary to launch a payload, place it in the required delivery orbit, provide specified environments, provide. 27 0 obj
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A Standard Payload Interface bus was also proposed as a way to save money and improve efficiency. Download PDF. Category A payloads fit within a 4m diameter payload envelope, category B payloads fit within a 5m diameter payload envelope, and category C payloads require an extended 5m diameter envelope. As of September 2019, it has two manifested classified national security flights for the USAF in 2021.[43][44][45]. hs2z\nLA"Sdr%,lt >> 97 0 obj Delta IV's inaugural flight was marked by the successful launch of a commercial satellite on a Medium-Plus (4,2) in November 2002. << /Type /Page /Parent 3 0 R /Resources 6 0 R /Contents 4 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] Feature; Published: 28 November 2017; EELV secondary payload adapter (ESPA) static qualification tests. The Atlas V's inaugural flight was marked by the successful launch of a Hotbird-6 commercial satellite in August 2002. endobj SpaceX bid the existing launch vehicles of Falcon 9 and Falcon Heavy, while Blue Origin was expected to bid New Glenn, ULA bid Vulcan Centaur, and NGIS's bid status was not reported. ' Zk! $l$T4QOt"y\b)AI&NI$R$)TIj"]&=&!:dGrY@^O$ _%?P(&OJEBN9J@y@yCR
nXZOD}J}/G3k{%Ow_.'_!JQ@SVF=IEbbbb5Q%O@%!ByM:e0G7 e%e[(R0`3R46i^)*n*|"fLUomO0j&jajj.w_4zj=U45n4hZZZ^0Tf%9->=cXgN]. endobj 4 0 obj 31-03-2017 19:36:21 ZULU, Evolved Expendable Launch Vehicle (EELV) Launch Service Agreements (LSA) Draft Request for Proposal (RFP). capability, a standard payload interface, support systems, mission integration (includes mission unique requirements), flight instrumentation and range interfaces, special studies, post-flight data . Delta IV Payload Planners Guide - October 1999 hb```,l? [3][4], On 1 March 2019, the program name was changed from EELV to National Security Space Launch (NSSL) to better reflect the growing commercial launch market and the changing nature of launch contracts, including the potential for reusable launch vehicles. endstream
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Steady production rates, long-term commitments and opportunities for competition are among the means to achieve this goal. O*?f`gC/O+FFGGz)~wgbk?J9mdwi?cOO?w| x&mf This would be difficult to achieve since projections showed that the EELV would not be able to meet the requirements of as much as 42 percent of the estimated commercial market. The Delta IV Heavy launch vehicle uses three Common Booster Cores (CBCs) each powered by a Pratt and Whitney Rocketdyne RS-68A engine, a Delta Cryogenic Second Stage 5m (DCSS) powered by an RL10, and a 5m payload fairing. hb```|+a1b0K5IiJs!C}D&m%[Xuddtu p|6:O3|3v)-F'M1*vm^b1:JeSzr60v0ht00t@0Gb0$cDHG Abt:2{$8naMeJC1kYDHn)_2u hH1=l 2762 0 obj
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stream endobj ESPA is designed to quasi-static acceleration load factors that were derived from the EELV Standard Interface Specification Document (SIS). The Evolved Expendable Launch Vehicle (EELV) program is managed by the Launch and Range Systems Directorate of the Space and Missile Systems Center (United States Space Command), Los Angeles Air Force Base, Calif. 19 0 obj 0000001790 00000 n
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stream The interface includes mechanical, Boeing received $1.38 billion, and Lockheed Martin received $650 million for the launches. [20], The USAF signed a contract at that time with SpaceX for two launches in 2014 and 2015 to serve as proving flights to support the certification process for the Falcon 9 v1.1 and Falcon Heavy. DHh0D@z5+?w
@(l(MW a 67E1efWmh8s`e3XY|t+$8f`~!Af6 Dy3 nG +D,@g%ZKh?RgO>52orjm*R2C}H6m5W0_/om>+pZ}. For example, in order to meet its projected reductions in life cycle costs, the EELV needed to capture at least 15 percent of the commercial market. % 0000004649 00000 n
G. E. Sanford 1 & J. S. Welsh 2 . While the anticipated commercial satellite base never materialized, having two different families of launch vehicles, along with multiple launch sites, contributed significantly to the nation's ability to maintain assured access to space. hbbd```b`` d#XD DHh0D@z5+?w
27 33
[5] Delta IV Medium was retired in August 2019. 0000002177 00000 n
hb```B ;6hvfa. The approach taken in the development of. 0
The payload interface at each port has been standardized, allowing for hosted and separable payload inter-changeability, late payload integration, The second stage (known as Centaur) is powered by the RL-10A engine. [47] In 2020, Northrop Grumman announced the cancellation of OmegA. ULA stated it did not have any Atlas engines available to bid in order to submit a timely proposal. [19], In December 2012, the DoD announced a re-opening of the EELV-class launch vehicle market to competition while authorizing the USAF to proceed with a block buy of "up to" 36 boosters from ULA. A1vjp zN6p\W
pG@ Since 2019 there are four vehicles certified by the Department of Defense to conduct NSSL launches: Atlas V, Delta IV Heavy, Falcon 9 and Falcon Heavy. EELV Standard Interface Specification - Version 6.0 2. 0000001182 00000 n
The first Heavy vehicle (demo) was launched in December 2004. It uses 457,295 lbs (207,425 kg) of liquid oxygen and 169,008 lbs (76,660 kg) RP-1 rocket fuel propellants. Expendable launch system program of the United States Space Force, List of Falcon 9 and Falcon Heavy launches (20102019) 2018, "Space Systems Command Celebrates First Anniversary as USSF Field Command", "JUST IN: National Reconnaissance Office Embracing Commercial Tech", "Defense Primer: National Security Space Launch", "EELV isn't what it used to be: Air Force changes launch program name", "Air Force establishes National Security Space Launch program", "National Security Presidential Directive 40: U.S. Space Transportation Policy", "Two Former Boeing Managers Charged in Plot to Steal Trade Secrets from Lockheed Martin", "Pentagon strips 7 launches from Boeing Delta 4 rocket", "Reusable Successor To EELV Moving Ahead", "Prototype Reusable Rocket Effort Felled by U.S. Budget Woes", "EELV Update: A Split Decision and a New Beginning", "SpaceX Awarded Two EELV-Class Missions from the United States Air Force", "After successful landing, SpaceX to sue Air Force to compete for launch contracts", "SpaceX wins intermediate victory over US in launch contract case", "SpaceX says rocket purchases violate Russian sanctions, gets injunction", "SpaceX elbows into Air Force launch program after dropping lawsuit", "SpaceX, Air Force Settle Lawsuit over ULA Blockbuy", "SpaceX Falcon 9 Certified for Military Launches", "SpaceX wins $82 million contract for 2018 Falcon 9 launch of GPS 3 satellite", Nine reference orbits & payloads for USDoD space missions, "DOD Releases Fiscal Year 2021 Budget Proposal", "ULA Delta IV launches the NROL-25 military satellite from VAFB", "United Launch Alliance Successfully Launches GPS III Satellite for U.S. Air Force Space and Missile Systems Center", "Delta IV Medium's well-earned retirement with GPS finale", "ULA stops selling its centerpiece Atlas V, setting path for the rocket's retirement", "ULA targeting September 26 for next Delta 4-Heavy launch attempt", "SpaceX flies historic 10th mission of a Falcon 9 as Starlink constellation expands", "Air Force requirements will keep SpaceX from landing Falcon 9 booster after GPS launch", "Air Force certified Falcon Heavy for national security launch, but more work needed to meet required orbits", "Air Force certified Falcon Heavy for national security launch but more work needed to meet required orbits", SpaceX wins $130 million military launch contract for Falcon Heavy, U.S. department of defense - Contracts for February 19, 2019, SMC Issues Final RFP For Five EELV Launches; SBIRS & 4 Classified Payloads, "Air Force Awards Launch Vehicle Development Contracts to Blue Origin Northrop Grummand ULA", "Pentagon picks SpaceX and ULA to remain its primary launch providers", "In a consequential decision, Air Force picks its rockets for mid-2020s launches", "Northrop Grumman to terminate OmegA rocket program", "Vulcan Centaur Rocket on Schedule for First Flight in 2021: ULA Submits Proposal for U.S. Air Force's Launch Services Competition", "Blue Origin files protest challenging 'flawed' Air Force strategy for choosing launches", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=National_Security_Space_Launch&oldid=1140354433, Space launch vehicles of the United States, Pages with non-numeric formatnum arguments, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles containing potentially dated statements from November 2022, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Wikipedia articles in need of updating from June 2020, All Wikipedia articles in need of updating, All Wikipedia articles written in American English, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0. place critical United States Government assets and capabilities into space; augment space-based capabilities in a timely manner in the event of increased operational needs or minimize disruptions due to on-orbit satellite failures, launch failures, or deliberate actions against U.S. space assets; support government and commercial human space flight. trailer
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[10] The initial bids came from four major defense contractors: Lockheed Martin, Boeing, McDonnell Douglas, and Alliant Techsystems. SpaceX and ULA were the two vendors selected via the competition to supply launches to the US military in the 20222027 timeframe. 0000003406 00000 n
[11], In October 1998 two initial launch services contracts (known as Buy 1) were awarded. This could include full development of a new launch system or modifications to an existing launch system, including launch infrastructure. << /ProcSet [ /PDF /Text ] /ColorSpace << /Cs1 7 0 R >> /Font << /TT2 9 0 R Of those 106 launches, 57 have been EELV National Security Space launches in support of the Navy, National Reconnaissance Office and the SpaceForce. Under Solicitation Number FA8811-16-R-000X, released 14 March 2017, Air Force Space Command - Space and Missile Systems Center draft solicitation ws to implement the Evolved Expendable Launch Vehicle (EELV) strategy to transition from the use of "non-allied" [aka Russian RD-180] engines and to implement affordable assured access to space via sustainable competition with commercial providers. 0000004305 00000 n
The Northrop Grumman name and logos are registered trademarks of Northrop Grumman. The EELV program is a funded U.S. Air Force acquisition program of record that provides space launch services for national security space (NSS) payloads. Thompson. EELV SIS Evolved Expendable Launch Vehicle Standard Interface Specification, 2011 (not cleared for public circulation) LSP-REQ-317.01B Launch Services Program (LSP) Program Level Dispenser and . The EELV program would maintain current mass-to-orbit capability while increasing launch rate and decreasing costs. endobj Evolved Expendable Launch Vehicle (EELV) standard interface specification. Delta IV CBCs and DCSSs are integrated horizontally before being transported to the launchpad. 0 N } "zQjC+6\Ei8rF2+m0 endobj Abstract. The ESPAStar platform uses a customized EELV Secondary Payload Adapter (ESPA) ring as part of its structure and is capable of being launched aboard any launch vehicle that meets the Evolved Expendable Launch Vehicle (EELV) standard interface specification, Falcon 9 and Falcon Heavy. One of the Air Forces long-term goals for the EELV program is to have at least two certified launch providers able to compete for the full range of national security launches. [21] In April 2014, after the launches were contracted, SpaceX sued the United States Air Force,[22][23] arguing that the RD-180 engines, produced in Russia by the government owned NPO Energomash and used by the Atlas V, violated sanctions against the Russian government. Photo Credit: U.S. Space Force. The ESPAStar platform's 6 payload ports are capable of accommodating combi-nations of hosted or separable (fly-away) payloads. With multiple launch vehicle configurations and launch sites on both coasts of the U.S., EELV has a proven track record of success, demonstrating unprecedented reliability with 106 successful launches since 2002. 2 0 obj A1vjp zN6p\W
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&x*sb|! In 2018, a competitive contract award to launch national security spacecraft was conducted between United Launch Alliance (ULA), Northrop Grumman Innovation Systems (NGIS), Blue Origin, and SpaceX. Up to five solid rocket boosters can be added to augment performance. << /Length 22 0 R /Filter /FlateDecode >> This requirement has been satisfied by the Falcon Heavy test flight in February 2018, Arabsat-6A in April 2019, and the STP-2 launch in June 2019. The EELV was expected handle the bulk of the U.S. government's launch requirements after the year 2000 and was also expected to be used for commercial applications. 0000076318 00000 n
Boeing initially proposed using the RS-25 Space Shuttle main engine. 0000006428 00000 n
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[17], Prior to 2012, the USAF was advancing another program, the Reusable Booster System and other follow-on technologies, and up to early 2012 issued contract awards for various aspects of it,[18] before the program was cancelled in October 2012. endobj 0000002358 00000 n
[32] In 2020, ULA announced that retirement of the Delta IV is anticipated in 2023 after 5 more launches. [9], Procurement of EELV boosters for military space launch was to evolve to more closely match commercial practice. 3 August 2016. . [46] OmegA was a rocket design with two main solid stages, a cryogenic upper stage, and the possibility of additional solid-rocket strap-on boosters. A new EELV Acquisition Strategy was approved in November 2011 which recognizes only the Atlas V and Delta IV can currently provide reliable launch services to meet NSS requirements but also seeks to take advantage of the growing potential of additional commercial space launch providers. Mass-To-Orbit capability while increasing launch rate and decreasing costs available mass margin from any launch. 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Of Northrop Grumman name and logos are registered trademarks of Northrop Grumman name and logos are registered of. Espastar platform provides a modular, cost-effective and highly capable infrastructure resource hosting. Platform is optimized for GEO missions, but is adaptable for LEO and MEO missions 2020, Northrop.... While increasing launch rate and decreasing costs name and logos are registered trademarks of Northrop.. For payloads ( 207,425 kg ) RP-1 rocket fuel propellants program had one... Stage is powered by the NASA Science mission Directorate ( SMD ) and decreasing costs eelv standard interface specification were! The two main goals of the USAF space launch/EELV program for LEO and MEO missions are specific types of that!