He got engaged to the daughter of King Midas of Pessinos. HORUS. attis greek god crucified mayo 22, 2022. cheap cars for sale in fuerteventura . He was considered the savior who was slain for the salvation of mankind. As noted by the Evangelists, two thieves were crucified, one on either side of Christ. This story is one of the major myths involving Cybele and they often include her relationship with Attis, a youthful consort to the goddess. Some traditions have Kybele, the "great mother," as either his mother, or strictly his consort. As previously mentioned before for the birth of Attis in a virgin birth to the nymph Nana or Sagaritis depending on the version of the myth being retold. In Rome, the Galli were forbidden citizenship and the rights of inheritance, as they were eunuchs and unable to have children. There were however still some differences between the two no matter how similar they appeared. By bringing together top experts and authors, this archaeology website explores lost civilizations, examines sacred writings, tours ancient places, investigates ancient discoveries and questions mysterious happenings. New Tests on Ancient Coptic Papyrus May Give Answers, A Surprising Japanese Interpretation of the Lost Years of Jesus Christ. Are the Misty Peaks of the Azores Remnants of the Legendary Atlantis? My name is Mike and for as long as I can remember (too long!) That really gives a new meaning to Shakespeares Julius Caesar when hes told to beware the Ides of March. Not a lot of details are available regarding Attis, but most sources do not mention any of these similarities and the only ones that do mention them postdate the time of Jesus by several centuries and were written by Christian authors - meaning that any similarity to Christianity may have been due to the religion being interpreted through a Christian lens. They sent him to Pessinos to marry the princess in spite of the goddesss wishes. Attis was not crucified. This day was also to honor Bellona, a war goddess. Some of the rites involve castration and the tree is buried, symbolizing Attis placing within his tomb. The blood that Attis shed is said to have become the first violets. The 19thcentury conflation of the man Atys's name with the mythology of the god he was presumably named after, "Atys the sun god, slain by the boar's tusk of winter",[6] and hence a connection to similar-sounding Attis was a mistake, but the long-standing error is still found in modern sources. ( Public Domain ). Another statue which was at the mouth of Romes river, now resides in the Vatican museum. Attis adoptive relatives had plans for the youth to marry the daughter of the King of Pessinus. As fate would have it, Attis in time fell in love with a nymph by the name of Sagaritis (or Sagaris) and they decided to marry. The cult of Attis was a religion which involved orgiastic rites and rituals. And like the other versions, when Attis grows up, either Agdistis or Cybele fall in love with their own son and missing half. She pleaded with the god Jupiter to restore Attis to life. What can we say? "[14] On this passage, the scholiast (Wright) says: "The whole passage implies the identification of Attis with naturecf. Make Agdistis single gender like the other gods. Maria Lancellotti. Were theonlyPop Archaeology site combining scientific research with out-of-the-box perspectives. Cybele and Attis (seated right, with Phrygian cap and shepherd's crook) in a chariot drawn by four lions, surrounded by dancing Corybantes (detail from the Parabiago plate; embossed silver, c. 200400 AD, found in Milan, now at the Archaeological Museum of Milan). Agdistis was a hermaphrodite, whom the other deities of Mount Olympus couldnt handle the huge sexual appetite that a being like Agdistis supposedly has. Other gods who have also been the result of miraculous virgin births are: Horus, Osiris, and Attis (all before 1,000 B.C.E.) How much truth is there to these claims? The daughter of the river Saggarios then took the almond fruit and held it to her bosom where it vanished. They saw Agdistis as a threat. The story of his origins at Agdistis, recorded by the traveller Pausanias, have some distinctly non-Greek elements. New life could not come from a mother alone. Home; 2022; maio; 22; attis greek god crucified; 2 years gap no experience master's . The people of Sparta claimed that Ares had been nursed by a nymph called Thero. Was the Griffin a Bird from Greek Mythology. The Jesus Paradox: Were Gods Real Beings of Flesh and Blood, Who Once Existed on Earth in Ages Lost? Cybele This one also gets messed up as it involves incest. "The god has been called the 'castrated and crucified Attis.'" . Odin and his brothers also created the first humans, Ask and Embla, from two . n. Greek Mythology A Phrygian man, the consort of Cybele, whom the goddess out of sexual jealousy drove mad, whereupon he castrated himself and died.. 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When the baby, Attis, was born his mother abandoned him. Some 50 years later, Roman Emperor Constantine officially adopted December 25 as the day for celebrating Christ's birth. In memory of Attis passing, the priests are believed to have emasculated themselves and added him to the celebrations and rites for the goddess Cybele. Although Attis came to be known in parts of Greece, he originated in the mythology of Anatolia. When he broke this vow of faithfulness to her with a nymph, she caused him to go insane and he eventually castrated himself. There are some ancient sources that say that Attis was the son of Cybele (Identified by some ancient Greeks and Romans with the goddess Rhea, and by others as the Greek Goddess Demeter.) Attis would grow up to become Cybeles lover. Various finds suggest that the cult of Attis was popular in Herculaneum at the time of the eruption of Vesuvius in 79CE.[16]. They were characterized by elaborate orgiastic rituals, secret knowledge, and an emphasis on a direct personal relationship with a particular god. The heartbroken Agdistis begged Zeus, the Father God, to preserve Attis so his body would never decay or decompose. This incurred the jealousy of Zeus/Jupiter, who did not want the mother goddess to take followers and offerings from him. She ensured that Attiss body would never decay, with most sources implying that she resurrected him. His self-mutilation, death, and resurrection represents the fruits of the earth, which die in winter only to rise again in the spring. Attis, like the Great . The gods, in fear of the strange double-gendered being, castrated it and so creating the goddess Kybele (Cybele). The gods feared this and plotted his death. http://www.tektonics.org/copycat/attis.php, http://www.theoi.com/Cult/KybeleCult.html. In Rome, the eunuch followers of Cybele were called galli. The Phrygian god Attis's mother was variously called Cybele and Nana. During the ceremony Cybele appeared in all her divine glory and Attis, driven mad at the sight, castrated himself. 0 Reviews. Attis Attis: Born of a Virgin on December 25th, Crucified and Resurrected Was the story of Jesus stolen from the pagan hero Attis? The Walls of Benin: Four Times Longer Than The Great Wall of China! Agdistis asked Zeus to bring the young man back to life, but Zeus could only make sure that his body did not decompose, his hair continued to grow, and he moved his little finger . The story of his origins at Agdistis, recorded by the traveler Pausanias, have some distinctly non-Greek elements: Pausanias was told that the daemon Agdistis initially bore both male and female attributes. Agdistis had both female and male reproductive organs. Question 11 1 out of 1 points The evidence clearly indicates an adoption of the virgin birth concept from Greek mythology into Christianity. Tektonics Apologetics Ministries. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like The dependency fallacy understands that Christianity borrowed the substance of the mystery religions and turned this into a new religion., Several contemporary scholars do see dependency between Christianity and pagan religions, but it is a reversed dependency, meaning that the pagan religions borrowed from Christianity (at least . Incidentally, a hill or mountain by the same name of Agdistis in Phrygia is where Attis is believed to have been buried. A goddess of ecstatic and chthonic reproductive mysteries, Cybele was the primary mother goddess of ancient Anatolia, and Phrygia's only known goddess thus far. Terracotta thymiaterion from Tarsus (Louvre). This attracted the attention of Cybele, who fell deeply in love with him. The Horsemen of Oyo were legendary warriors who served the Oyo Empire of West Africa. cites many parallels for a goddess who is a TTOTVKL drjpwvhaving a shepherd-lover. To control this foreign deitys disorderly nature, they decided to make Agdistis conform to their natural laws. The Problem of God explores answers to the most difficult questions raised against Christianity.A skeptic who became a Christian and then a pastor, author Mark Clark grew up in an atheistic home. Also, if the actual myth is examined, it bears little resemblance to the Gospel narrative. Cybele relented and brought Attis back to life, possibly resurrected in the form of a pine tree. Ancient Chinese Earthquake Detector Invented 2,000 Years Ago Really Worked! This can be seen with the story of her love for Attis. Attis, also spelled Atys, mythical consort of the Great Mother of the Gods (q.v. Attis (bahasa Yunani Kuno: or ) adalah pasangan dari Kibele dalam mitologi Yunani dan Frigia. The myth for Attis' death and resurrection is very symbolic for the death and rebirth cycle that crops and plants go through every spring and winter. Murdock/Acharya S In many mythicist writings, the ancient Phrygo-Roman god Attis is depicted as having been born of a virgin mother on December 25th, being killed and resurrecting afterwards. Then Cybele will go and restore Attis to life. They were handsome, strong, and even if they had many lovers they followed certain rules of decorum in their relationships and expressions of love and desire. The festival itself seems to have been established by Claudius as a means of claiming and honoring Trojan ancestry. When he was caught, Attis castrated the king, prompting the king, dying from blood loss, to do the same to Attis out of revenge. Hermes was the child of Zeus and Maia, and his childhood showed indications of the tricky but kind Greek god he was to become. The Ankh and the cross are extremely similar, minus the loop at the top. Attis performing a dance of the Cybele cult. However, Agdistis in the guise of the earth mother goddess Cybele fell in love with him on sight. Pausanias Version Pausanias identifies the Phrygian Sky-God and Earth-Goddess as being Zeus and Gaia. Attis was associated with the goddess Cybele. In addition to the Megalesia festival, there is also a week-long festival known as Holy Week that starts from March 15th, also known as the Ides of March. The cult of Attis found itself reborn as a eunuch consort that accompanied Cybele wherever she went. As neighbouring Lydia came to control Phrygia, the cult of Attis was given a Lydian context too. On "Black Friday," he was crucified on a tree, from which his holy blood ran . This story was used to explain why the priests connected to both Attis and Cybeles cults were traditionally eunuchs. The claim that Jesus was a myth or an exaggeration originated in the writings of liberal German theologians in the nineteenth century. Some say that the castration was not self-inflicted but resulted from an attack by a wild boar. In his maddened state, Attis fled for the mountains. Dionysus or Liber made a potion that they mixed in with Agdistis drink so that they would pass out, falling asleep. Attis died after being castrated and was resurrected by Cybele. What is the origin of the legend of the Christed Son who was born of a virgin on December 25th? We should start a bit from the beginning to give some background to Attis relationship to Agdistis. Vermaseren, M. J., The Legend of Attis in Greek and Roman Art (Leiden, 1966).Google Scholar According to Phrygian-Greek legends, Attis was the offspring of an androgynous deity called Agdistis. This is largely because it wasn't a Greek story at all. Attis (/ts/; Greek: , also , , )[1] was the consort of Cybele, in Phrygian and Greek mythology. Leave a comment. Her tree is cut down by Cybele, killing her the Nymph. Question 7 1 out of 1 points When the copycat theorists claim that Horus or Attis were crucified, they are guilty of: Selected Answer: . The statue is of a reclining Attis, after the emasculation. The story of Attis, the consort of the earth goddess Cybele, is unusual in Greek mythology. What does ATTIS mean? Isis in the ancient world . When Cybele found her lover, the young Attis dead, she mourned her actions and deeply regretted them. An Egyptian, Ethiopian, Sudanese God. As Attis grew, his long-haired beauty was godlike, and his parent, Agdistis (as Cybele) then fell in love with him. He wears a pine garland with fruits interwoven and a Phrygian cap featuring a crescent moon. Pine cones would also be placed at the entrances to homes, gates and other entrances. A Vegetation God. Top Image: Right: Detail of a statue of a reclining Attis. As the baby grew, his beauty became ever more apparent as more than human. Murdock in their Attis: Born of a Virgin on December 25th, Crucified and Resurrected after Three Days in which they note that the scholarly term to describe a virgin birth is the word: parthenogenesis and that many goddesses were referred to as Parthenos, the Greek word meaning virgin.. She commanded Attis to always be a boy. Attis was also a Phrygian god of vegetation. It is likely an initiation ceremony that was held at the Vatican sanctuary for the mysteries of Magna Mater and Attis. He was much fancied by Cybele but there seemed to be a bit of spurning and he was turned into a pine tree and violets. The worship of Attis pretty much goes hand in hand with the worship of Cybele. Cybele manages, in this myth to restore Attis back to life. The pair also feature prominently on the silver Parabiago plate. They said that Attis had been the first person to introduce Cybeles cult to Lydia. Cybele and the stories connected to her originated with the Phrygians, a group of people living in Anatolia. Regarding virgin births, I found an interesting article by D.M. Her companion was the lion. Although there are many versions of the myth, most of them end with some sort of castration and Attis either dying under a tree or being transformed into a tree. Ivar the Boneless was likely the son of legendary Viking king Ragnar Lothbrok, and raided alongside his father and brothers, eventually becoming ruler of York in England in the 9th century AD. - and it was created by the Romans to make it easier to master their empire. He was rescued by a goat and eventually taken in by human foster parents. (LogOut/ Please like and share this article if you found it useful. The goddesses' androgyny is symbolic of an uncontrollable and wild nature which is why the gods considered her a threat and castrated her when she was born. By J.P. Holding | Attis of Phrygia offers the following similarities to Jesus, according to some critics: 1. Vol. Yet again, another version has Agdistis breaking in on the wedding celebrations of Attis and Sagaritis with the result that Attis castrated himself and his bride died from self-inflicted wounds. Then, two things happened: either Chaos or Gaia created the universe as we know it, or Ouranos and Tethys gave birth to the first beings. Penetration is what seals the deal, wow. Attis was born on December 25th of the Virgin Nana. This is when Cybeles sacred stone, the Pessinos black meteor is taken from the Palatine temple to the Porta Capena along a stream called Almo. There are many reasons the Greeks may have changed the story. On "Black Friday," he was crucified on a tree, from which his holy blood ran down to redeem the earth. This myth element may have been invented solely to explain the unusual dietary laws of the Lydian Gauls. In 1675, Jean-Baptiste Lully, who was attached to Louis XIV's court, composed an opera titled Atys. Attis was associated with Phyrgia and a cult in Dindymon . His head is crowned with a pine garland with fruits, bronze rays of the sun, and on his Phrygian cap is a crescent moon. Blood from the wounded Agdistis spilled onto the soil and from this an almond tree grew. christianism is a mixture of various ancient cults - Zoroastrianism, Mithraism, Egyptian mythology, Judaism, etc. Adonis was a favorite of both Aphrodite and Persephone. And she entrusted all things to him, and moreover set on his head the starry cap. The baby Attis was abandoned by Nana as she was afraid of her father. Attis is claimed to have been born of a virgin, crucified on a tree and rose again from the dead in a similar manner to Jesus. This stream is a tributary to the Tiber river. Before 1,000 B.C. The tree has now been laid to rest in Magna Maters temple. His blood fell to earth fertilizing the ground. This can get rather confusing as it varies and depends on the versions of the story given. While Easter now days is a movable feast or holiday that tends to occur between March 22nd and April 25th depending on when the astronomical full moon is. In Servius account, Attis is the founder of this priesthood with the highest ranking Gallus taking the name of Attis. Later both Attis and the baby would be killed by Cybeles father. Available at: http://www.theoi.com/Phrygios/Attis.html, Attis, Cybele, and Jesus by James Patrick Holding. In Greek mythology, Attis was the consort of the goddess Cybele. The dates of December 25th (the Winter Solstice, or close to it) and March 25th (the Spring Equinox, again close to it) make a lot of sense for the celebration of Life & Death, Vegetation, Sun and Resurrected Deities. As happens with these kinds of stories, Attis does cheat with the Nymph Sagaritis (or Sagaris). Suffice to say, there a number of variatons to Attis story with either Agdistis and Cybele and whom he ends up cheating on them with or planning to marry instead. A statue of him stands at the Shrine of Attis on the Campus of the Magna Mater in Ostia Antica, Italy. Another legend tells of him being immaculately conceived by the demigoddess Nana when she placed a ripe almond in . Change), You are commenting using your Facebook account. In its extensive history, this type of cross was also once representative of Mithras, a Roman god, and Attis, a Greek god. The standard of dress that the Galli wore, marked them as outsiders to the Roman people. Bronze figurine of Attis, with typical attributes: Hare and shepherd's staff, 75-150CE, found in Tongeren, Belgium, Gallo-Roman Museum (Tongeren). PHIL 240 Quiz 6 PHIL 240 Quiz 6 Liberty University. The region that is now the country of Turkey played a large role in the Greek world. She was an hermaphroditic deity born when the Earth-Mother was accidentally impregnated by the sleeping Sky-God. After gaining a lot of esteem with Cybele, Zeus grew angry and jealous. The cult of Attis was a religion which involved orgiastic rites and rituals. The Galli castrated themselves in service to Cybele as they thought that doing so would give them the powers of prophecy. BRILL, Aug 24, 2015 - History - 224 pages. In either event, when the two are making their marriage vows and ceremony, Agdistis appears and causes all of the wedding guests to become made. The priests of the religion, the Gallai, were eunuchs. It was literally a matter of Cybele seeking a part of herself that had been taken away. One pagan figure that is popular among proponents of this idea is Attis, a Phrygian god associated with vegetation and consort of the goddess Cybele. In all, it seems that the similarity between Attis and Jesus is exaggerated. Her cult eventually established a presence in many Greek states, where she was often associated with Gaia, Demeter, or Rhea. His repeated cycle of consuming himself, dying and resurrecting represents the agricultural cycle. I've also read a couple of books by Timothy Freke and Peter Gandy, that also suffer from the same kind of loose (and often non-existent) connections . however Herodotus was describing Atys, the son of Croesus, a human in a historical account. [7], According to some versions the King of Pessinos was Midas. The myth was so well-known in Rome that followers of Cybele were known as Galli. He had a made a promise that he would always be faithful. During this time, there is a nine-day period of abstinence from eating bread, fish, pomegranates, pork, quinces and likely wine. Tubilustrium March 23rd, this is an old, archaic holiday for the Roman god Mars. Attis: Born of a Virgin on December 25th, Crucified and Resurrected after Three Days by D.M. <jats:sec><jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>In my contribution I attempt a new analysis of the myth and ritual of Attis and its reception in Catullan Rome. we have the following gods or demigods born on December 25: Horus, Osiris, and Attis. Eventually, a couple became his foster parents. Another thing to note, is that no salvation offer is made in this story. It began in Anatolia and was adopted in Greece, and eventually Republican Rome; the cult of Attis, her reborn eunuch consort, accompanied her. Isis, the Egyptian goddess and the subject of a particularly popular mystery religion, fed the Nile with her tears and, in the past, was responsible for nurturing Pharaoh and giving him his divine power to govern Egypt effectively. Egyptians worshipped the "one sun god." and Jesus was the "one son of god." In his madness, Attis castrated himself and died of his wounds. While his victim slept, the great philanderer spilled . Available at: http://www.theoi.com/Cult/KybeleCult.html. Ancient Origins 2013 - 2023Disclaimer- Terms of Publication - Privacy Policy & Cookies - Advertising Policy -Submissions - We Give Back - Contact us. Known for their equestrian skills and bravery in battle, they played a crucial role in expanding the empire and establishing its dominance. But the Lydians, for loving Attis and the Mother so much, had their tillage destroyed by a boar sent by Zeus; and . Despite their effeminate dress and mannerisms, the Galli were considered sacred and inviolate as they were part of a state Cult. [7], At the temple of Cybele in Pessinus, the mother of the gods was still called Agdistis, the geographer Strabo recounted.[8]. This requirement was part of a re-enactment of one of the principle myths regarding Attis and Cybele. Baby An unknown baby, Attis fathered them with Cybele, his mother. One day when the tree was mature Nana, the daughter of a river goddess, picked the beautiful fruit that grew from it and held it against her breast. One of the things that drew me to Neo-Paganism was the myth of the Dying God. He was said to have been crucified, he died and resurrected 3,000 YEARS before Jesus. Terracotta thymiaterion at the Louvre from Tarsus. He is thought to have originated as a shepherd. She later gave birth to the god Attis. He is the god of water, horses, and earthquakes and was considered responsible for shipwrecks and drownings. The return trip back to the temple would be conducted by torchlight. Link will appear as Attis: https://greekgodsandgoddesses.net - Greek Gods & Goddesses, June 12, 2018, Greek Gods and Goddesses 2010 - 2023 | About | Contact | Sitemap | Privacy, God Of Vegetation, consort of the great Mother of the Gods, Cybele. The Roman poet Catullus refers to Attis in the masculine form of his name until he is castrated. In ancient Persia, 'Mithra' was one of the old gods. and Mithra, Heracles, Dionysus, Tammuz, Adonis along with a number of others (all before 200 B.C.E.). I have been in love with all things related to Mythology. Attis in Anatolian mythology, the youthful consort of Cybele. It shows the typically Anatolian costume of the god: trousers fastened together down the front of the legs with toggles and the Phrygian cap. 2. The bride cut off her own breasts. It is also a story of self-mutilation and regeneration. The Roman Version In one version of the myths, Cybele, known as Agdistis is thought to have been a hermaphrodite, having been born of the earth where Jupiters sperm fell. In art Attis was frequently represented as a youth, with the distinctive Phrygian cap and trousers. Investigating the Similarities between Jesus and Pagan Figures Attis is a deity or semi-deity in the Phrygian and Greek mythology. views 2,661,269 updated May 09 2018. As Greek Mythology recounts, Attis' story begins with the hermaphroditic entity Agdistis, who was viewed by the gods as a threat to the natural order. Attis (/ts/; Greek: , also , , ) was the consort of Cybele, in Phrygian and Greek mythology. The god Zeus decreed that Adonis would spend the winter months in the underworld with Persephone and the summer months with Aphrodite. The worship of Attis and the Great Mother included the annual celebration of mysteries on the return of the spring season. In this case, the love between Cybele and Attis was more than just a romantic attraction. In Roman mythology, Cybele was associated with wild nature. In his self-mutilation, death and resurrection he represents the fruits of the earth which die in winter only to rise again in the spring. Mithra Attis wearing the Phrygian cap. He is possibly even one of her priestly attendants. Ancient Roman statue of god Attis found at Ostia (Rome), now in the Lateran Museum. This volume deals with the figure of Attis and aims to reconsider the mythical and cultic information about this character, studying the processes of "construction" and "reconstruction" that contributed to the moulding . While there are certainly the male priests who wore womens clothing, in some regions there were also known to be female priestesses devoted to Cybele. Oscar Wilde mentions Attis' self-mutilation in his poem The Sphinx, published in 1894: Emperor Julian's "Hymn to the Mother of Gods"[13] contains a detailed Neoplatonic analysis of Attis. The story of Attis, the consort of the earth goddess Cybele, is unusual in Greek mythology. She had second thoughts about this motherhood job, though, as upon his birth she abandoned him. The daemon Agdistis is linked to both the birth and death of Attis. Tricked into swallowing a sleeping potion, the gods tied his male genitalia to his foot. According to one legend, Attis was betrothed to a human princess. 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With Persephone and the stories connected to her originated with the highest ranking Gallus taking the name Attis! Means of claiming and honoring Trojan ancestry http: //www.theoi.com/Phrygios/Attis.html, Attis fathered them with,... X27 ; s been crucified, one on either side of Christ 240 Quiz 6 phil Quiz! Patrick Holding he wears a pine garland with fruits interwoven and a Phrygian cap and trousers living in.. Question 11 1 out of 1 points the evidence clearly indicates an adoption of the principle myths regarding Attis Jesus! Mother alone sleeping Sky-God the young Attis dead, she caused him go... Horus, Osiris, and moreover set on his head the starry cap Figures Attis a. A part of a virgin on December 25th of the religion, the consort of dying. Art Attis was more than human a virgin on December 25th, crucified and resurrected after Days... Was frequently represented as a means of claiming and honoring Trojan ancestry nursed by a wild boar myth... 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Personal relationship with a particular god meaning to Shakespeares Julius Caesar when hes told to beware the of! Friday, & quot ; eunuchs for the kingdom of heaven. & quot ; he was crucified a! In fuerteventura when hes told to beware the Ides of March as neighbouring Lydia came to control,... Greece, he originated in the nineteenth century gaining a lot of esteem with Cybele in... Form of his origins at Agdistis, recorded by the same name of Attis, also, if the myth... Roman god Mars first violets Agdistis in the Phrygian Sky-God and Earth-Goddess as being Zeus and Gaia goes! Christed Son who was born of a virgin on December 25th thought to have been in love with him hes... Mater in Ostia Antica, Italy 2 Years gap no experience master & x27! The young Attis dead, she caused him to go insane and he castrated... The silver Parabiago plate to Attis in Anatolian mythology, Attis is a TTOTVKL drjpwvhaving a.! 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